Picture-in-Picture for any Element, not just <video>
The Document Picture-in-Picture API makes it possible to open an always-on-top window that can be populated with arbitrary HTML content. It extends the existing Picture-in-Picture API for <video>
that only allows an HTML <video>
element to be put into a Picture-in-Picture window.
The Picture-in-Picture window in the Document Picture-in-Picture API is similar to a blank same-origin window opened via window.open()
, with some differences:
- The Picture-in-Picture window floats on top of other windows.
- The Picture-in-Picture window never outlives the opening window.
- The Picture-in-Picture window cannot open additional windows.
- The Picture-in-Picture window cannot be navigated.
- The Picture-in-Picture window position cannot be set by the website.
Current status
Try out the API on desktop
During the trial phase you can test the API on desktop by one of two methods.
Local testing
To experiment with the Document Picture-in-Picture API locally, without an origin trial token, enable the chrome://flags/#document-picture-in-picture-api
flag.
Register for the origin trial
Starting in Chrome 111, the Document Picture-in-Picture API is available as an origin trial. It is expected to end in Chrome 115 (September 8, 2023). Register here.
Use cases
Custom video player
A website can provide a Picture-in-Picture video experience with the existing Picture-in-Picture API for <video>
, however it is very limited. The existing Picture-in-Picture window accepts few inputs, and has limited ability for styling them. With a full Document in Picture-in-Picture, the website can provide custom controls and inputs (for example, captions, playlists, time scrubber, liking and disliking videos) to improve the user's Picture-in-Picture video experience.
Video conferencing
It is common for users to leave the browser tab during a video conferencing session for various reasons (for example, presenting another tab to the call or multitasking) while still wishing to see the call, so it's a prime use case for Picture-in-Picture. Once again, the current experience a video conferencing website can provide via the Picture-in-Picture API for <video>
is limited in style and input. With a full Document in Picture-in-Picture, the website can easily combine multiple video streams into a single PiP window without having to rely on canvas hacks and provide custom controls such as sending a message, muting another user, or raising a hand.
Productivity
Research has shown that users need more ways to be productive on the web. Document in Picture-in-Picture gives web apps the flexibility to accomplish more. Whether it's text editing, note-taking, task lists, messaging and chat, or design and development tools, web apps can now keep their content always accessible.
Interface
Properties
documentPictureInPicture.window
- Returns the current Picture-in-Picture window if any. Otherwise, returns
null
.
Methods
documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow(options)
Returns a promise that resolves when a Picture-in-Picture window is opened. The promise rejects if it's called without a user gesture. The
options
dictionary contains the optional following members:initialAspectRatio
- Sets the initial aspect ratio of the Picture-in-Picture window.
width
- Sets the initial width of the Picture-in-Picture window.
height
- Sets the initial height of the Picture-in-Picture window.
copyStyleSheets
- When
true
, the CSS style sheets of the originated window are copied and applied to the Picture-in-Picture window. This is a one-time copy. The default value isfalse
.
Events
documentPictureInPicture.onenter
- Fired on
documentPictureInPicture
when a Picture-in-Picture window is opened.
Examples
The following HTML sets up a custom video player and a button element to open the video player in a Picture-in-Picture window.
<div id="playerContainer">
<div id="player">
<video id="video"></video>
</div>
</div>
<button id="pipButton">Open Picture-in-Picture window</button>
Open a Picture-in-Picture window
The following JavaScript calls documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow()
when the user clicks the button to open a blank Picture-in-Picture window. The returned promise resolves with a Picture-in-Picture window JavaScript object. The video player is moved to that window using append()
.
pipButton.addEventListener('click', async () => {
const player = document.querySelector("#player");
// Open a Picture-in-Picture window.
const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow();
// Move the player to the Picture-in-Picture window.
pipWindow.document.body.append(player);
});
Set the size of the Picture-in-Picture window
To set an aspect ratio, set the initialAspectRatio
option of documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow()
to the desired Picture-in-Picture window aspect ratio.
pipButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
const player = document.querySelector("#player");
// Open a Picture-in-Picture window whose aspect ratio is
// the same as the player's.
const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow({
initialAspectRatio: player.clientWidth / player.clientHeight,
});
// Move the player to the Picture-in-Picture window.
pipWindow.document.body.append(player);
});
The width
and height
options can also be used to set the desired Picture-in-Picture window size. Chrome may clamp those options values if they are too large or too small to fit a user-friendly window size.
// Set player's width and height as the Picture-in-Picture window size.
const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow({
width: player.clientWidth,
height: player.clientHeight,
});
Copy style sheets to the Picture-in-Picture window
To copy the CSS style sheets from the originating window set the copyStyleSheets
option of documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow()
to true
. Note that this is a one-time copy.
pipButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
const player = document.querySelector("#player");
// Open a Picture-in-Picture window with style sheets copied over
// from the initial document so that the player looks the same.
const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow({
copyStyleSheets: true,
});
// Move the player to the Picture-in-Picture window.
pipWindow.document.body.append(player);
});
Handle when the Picture-in-Picture window closes
Listen to the window "unload"
event to know when the Picture-in-Picture window gets closed (either because the website initiated it or the user manually closed it). The event handler is a good place to get the elements back out of the Picture-in-Picture window as shown below.
pipButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
const player = document.querySelector("#player");
// Open a Picture-in-Picture window.
const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow();
// Move the player to the Picture-in-Picture window.
pipWindow.document.body.append(player);
// Move the player back when the Picture-in-Picture window closes.
pipWindow.addEventListener("unload", (event) => {
const playerContainer = document.querySelector("#playerContainer");
const pipPlayer = event.target.querySelector("#player");
playerContainer.append(pipPlayer);
});
});
Close the Picture-in-Picture window programmatically by using the close()
method.
// Close the Picture-in-Picture window programmatically.
// The "unload" event will fire normally.
pipWindow.close();
Listen to when the website enters Picture-in-Picture
Listen to the "enter"
event on documentPictureInPicture
to know when a Picture-in-Picture window is opened. The event contains a window
object to access the Picture-in-Picture window.
documentPictureInPicture.addEventListener("enter", (event) => {
const pipWindow = event.window;
});
Access elements in the Picture-in-Picture window
Access elements in the Picture-in-Picture window either from the object returned by documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow()
, or with documentPictureInPicture.window
as shown below.
const pipWindow = documentPictureInPicture.window;
if (pipWindow) {
// Mute video playing in the Picture-in-Picture window.
const pipVideo = pipWindow.document.querySelector("#video");
pipVideo.muted = true;
}
Handle events from the Picture-in-Picture window
Create buttons and controls and respond to user's input events such as "click"
as you would do normally in JavaScript.
// Add a "mute" button to the Picture-in-Picture window.
const pipMuteButton = pipWindow.document.createElement("button");
pipMuteButton.textContent = "Mute";
pipMuteButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
const pipVideo = pipWindow.document.querySelector("#video");
pipVideo.muted = true;
});
pipWindow.document.body.append(pipMuteButton);
Feature detection
To check if the Document Picture-in-Picture API is supported, use:
if ('documentPictureInPicture' in window) {
// The Document Picture-in-Picture API is supported.
}
Demos
VideoJS player
You can play with the Document Picture-in-Picture API VideoJS player demo. Be sure to check out the source code.
Pomodoro
Tomodoro, a pomodoro web app, is also taking advantage of the Document Picture-in-Picture API when available (see GitHub pull request).
Feedback
Developer feedback is really important at this stage, so please file issues on GitHub with suggestions and questions.
Useful links
- Public explainer
- WICG specification
- Chromium tracking bug
- ChromeStatus.com entry
- Blink Component:
Blink>Media>PictureInPicture
- TAG Review
- Intent to Experiment
Acknowledgements
Hero image by Jakob Owens.